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Pacman vs Scary Teacher 3D





Who is Pacman?
Pac-Man[  is a maze arcade game developed and released by Namco in 1980. Originally known in Japan as Puck Man, it would be changed to Pac-Man for international releases as a preventative measure against defacement of arcade machines.[6] Outside Japan, the game was published by Midway Games, part of their licensing agreement with Namco America. The player controls the titular character, as he must eat all the dots inside an enclosed maze while avoiding four colored ghosts. Eating large flashing "Power Pellets" will cause the ghosts to turn blue and reverse direction, allowing Pac-Man to eat them for bonus points. It was the first game to run on the Namco Pac-Man arcade board.
Development of the game began in April 1979, directed by Toru Iwatani with a nine-man team. As his second video game for Namco, Iwatani wanted to create a game that could appeal to women as well as men, as most video games during that time period were "war games" or simple sports titles. While several sources claim the inspiration for the game was taken from a pizza with a slice removed, Iwatani has since stated that inspiration was also from rounding out the Japanese symbol "kuchi", meaning "mouth". The in-game characters were made to be cute and colorful, and to appeal to younger players. The original Japanese title of Puck Man was derived from the titular character's hockey puck shape.
Pac-Man was a widespread critical and commercial success, and remains one of the highest-grossing arcade games of its time. It is often cited as highly important and influential, and is commonly listed as one of the greatest video games of all time. The success of the game lead to several sequels, merchandise, and two television series, as well as a hit-single by Buckner and Garcia. The Pac-Man video game franchise remains one of the highest-grossing and best-selling game series of all time, generating over $14 billion in revenue (as of 2016) and 43 million in sales combined. The character of Pac-Man is the mascot and flagship icon of Bandai Namco Entertainment and has the highest brand-awareness of any video game character in North America[7].

Gameplay


Screenshot of gameplay
The player navigates Pac-Man through a maze with no dead ends. The maze is filled with dots, known as Pac-Dots, and also includes four roving multi-colored ghosts: Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde. There is also a passageway from the left side of the screen to the right side, four Power Pellets spread out between quadrants, and bonus fruits that appear in each level as points are accumulated.

North American title screen showing the names of the four ghosts and the value of the dots
The objective of the game is to accumulate as many points as possible by collecting dots, fruits, and eating blue ghosts, while normally avoiding the four ghosts. When all of the dots in a stage are eaten, that stage is completed, and the player will advance to the next one. Between some stages, one of three intermission animations plays.[8] The four ghosts roam the maze and chase Pac-Man. If any of the ghosts touches Pac-Man, a life is lost. When all lives have been lost, the game is over. The player begins with three lives, but DIP switches in the machine can change the number of starting lives to one, two, or five. The player will receive one extra life bonus after obtaining 10,000 points. The number of points needed for a bonus life can be changed to 15,000 or 20,000, or disabled altogether.
Near the corners of the maze are four flashing Power Pellets that provide Pac-Man with a temporary ability to eat the ghosts and earn bonus points that way. The enemies turn deep blue, reverse direction and move away from Pac-Man, and usually move more slowly. When an enemy is eaten, its eyes remain and return to the center ghost box where the ghost is regenerated in its normal color. The bonus score earned for eating a blue ghost increases exponentially for each consecutive ghost eaten while a single Power Pellet is active: a score of 200 points is scored for eating one ghost, 400 for eating a second ghost, 800 for a third, and 1600 for the fourth. This cycle restarts from 200 points when Pac-Man eats the next Power Pellet. Blue enemies flash white to signal that they are about to return to their normal color and become dangerous again, and the length of time the enemies remain vulnerable varies from one stage to the next, generally becoming shorter as the game progresses. In later stages, the enemies go straight to flashing after a Power Pellet is consumed, bypassing blue, which means that they can only be eaten for a short amount of time, although they still reverse direction when a Power Pellet is eaten. Starting at stage nineteen, the ghosts do not become edible at all, but they still reverse direction.
There are also fruits that appear twice per level, directly below the center ghost box; eating one gives 100 to 5,000 points. This table lists each stage, the type and value of the fruit that appears, how long the ghosts are blue when a power pellet is eaten, and how many times the ghosts flash before returning to normal

Level 256


Level 256, unplayable under normal circumstances
Pac-Man was designed to have no ending; as long as at least one life is left, the game was intended to continue indefinitely. However, at level 256, a bug corrupts the entire right half of the maze with seemingly random symbols and tiles, overwriting the values of edible dots, which makes it impossible to eat enough dots to beat the level,[15] making it the de facto ultimate level, known in the culture as "the split screen".
The bug is caused by the calculation of the number of fruit to draw rolling over to zero. The code attempts to draw 256 fruit–236 more than it was designed for–resulting in the maze being corrupted. The tile map that holds the fruits are 20 elements long and are arranged into three cases. Case A handles levels less than seven. Case B handles levels 8–19 and Case C handles level 19 and above. When the game reaches level 256, the level counter overflows back to 0 and thus, level 256 is treated as level 0. The game executes Case A rather than Case C because the level number is less than seven. The algorithm that draws the fruits continues to draw fruit till the fruit number and the level number match. Upon reaching fruit number 255, the fruit number overflows back to 0 (matching the level number) and 256 "fruit" have been drawn.
The game draws the first 13 fruit with no issues, but upon reaching fruit number 14, fruit begin to be drawn on the right side of the map. Once the game reaches the 20th entry in the fruit table, the game can no longer draw any more fruit, but there is still 236 fruit it needs to draw and thus, the game begins to draw pieces of the tile maponto the screen to substitute the 236 extra fruit. Most of the pieces are free to move over, though some of them act like walls. Once all 256 fruit are drawn, the game draws 7 extra blank spaces after the final fruit.[16][clarification needed] The level is impossible to beat using only one game, as the player needs to eat 244 pellets to move to the next level. Most of the pellets have been overwritten by the tile map. There are nine pellets hidden within the glitch screen that re-spawn when the player dies, but with a maximum of five extra lives, this limits the number of pellets to 168. It is possible to beat the screen by using the "continue" button to eat the re-spawned pellets till the level is beaten. Once level "0" is beaten, the player is put back in level 1, with the ghost's difficulty set very high (thus no Ghost Blue Time). There are also two broken keys at the bottom of the screen, one under the live counter and one under the level counter. The keys disappear if the round is beaten.

High score records and perfect play

A perfect Pac-Man game is when the player achieves the maximum possible score on the first 255 levels by eating every possible dot, power pellet, fruit, and enemy, without losing a single life, and using all extra lives to score as many points as possible on level 256.[17][18]
The first person credited with achieving this score (3,333,360 points) was Esports player Billy Mitchell, who claimed to perform the feat in about six hours in 1999.[18][19] But, in April 2018, video game ranker Twin Galaxies removed all of Mitchell's scores from their database after ruling certain Donkey Kong submissions were not achieved using original arcade hardware.[20] Since Mitchell's Pac-Man achievement, as of 2019, 7 other players[21] have attained the maximum score on an original arcade unit. The world record, according to Twin Galaxies, is currently held by David Race, with the fastest completion time of 3 hours, 28 minutes, and 49 seconds for the maximum possible score of 3,333,360 points.[22][23]
Historically, in December 1982, an eight-year-old boy, Jeffrey R. Yee, received a letter from U.S. President Ronald Reagan congratulating him on a worldwide record of 6,131,940 points, a score only possible if he had passed level 256.[18] In September 1983, Walter Day, chief scorekeeper at Twin Galaxies, took the US National Video Game Team on a tour of the East Coast to visit video game players who said they could get through level 256. No video game player could demonstrate this ability. In 1999, Billy Mitchell had offered $100,000 to anyone who could complete level 256 before January 1, 2000; the prize expired unclaimed.[18]

Development and name


The North American Pac-Mancabinet design (left) and the Japanese PUCKMAN design
Up into the early 1970s, Namco primarily specialized in kiddie rides for Japanese department stores. Masaya Nakamura, the founder of Namco, started to direct the company toward arcade games, starting with electromechanical ones such as F-1 (1976). He later hired a number of software engineers to develop their own video games so as to compete with companies like Atari, Inc.[24][25]
Pac-Man was one of the first games developed by this new department within Namco. The game was developed primarily by a young 24-year-old employee named Toru Iwatani over a year, beginning in April 1979, employing a nine-man team. It was based on the concept of eating, and the original Japanese title is Pakkuman (パックマン), inspired by the Japanese onomatopoeic phrase paku-paku taberu (パクパク食べる),[26][27] where paku-paku describes (the sound of) the mouth movement when widely opened and closed in succession.[28][29] Although Iwatani has repeatedly stated that the character's shape was inspired by a pizza missing a slice,[30] in a 1986 interview he admitted that this was a half-truth and the character design also came from simplifying and rounding out the Kanji character for mouth, kuchi ().[31]
Iwatani attempted to appeal to a wider audience—beyond the typical demographics of young boys and teenagers. His intention was to attract girls to arcades because he found there were very few games that were played by women at the time.[32] This led him to add elements of a maze, as well as cute ghost-like enemy characters. Eating to gain power, Iwatani has said, was a concept he borrowed from Popeye.[33] The result was a game he named PUCKMAN[34] as a reference to the main character's hockey puck shape.[35] Later, in 1980, the game was picked up for manufacture in the United States by the Bally division Midway,[31] which changed the game's name from PUCKMAN to Pac-Man in an effort to avoid vandalism from people changing the letter 'P' into an 'F' to spell out the F-word.[34][35][36] The cabinet artwork was also changed for Western markets.

Reception

When first launched in Japan by Namco in 1980, Pac-Man received a lukewarm response as Space Invaders and other similar games were more popular at the time.[37] However, the game's success in North America in the same year took competitors and distributors by surprise. A frequently-repeated story claims that marketing executives saw Pac-Man at a trade show before its release and completely overlooked both it and the now-classic Defender, seeing a racing game called Rally-X (which also involves collecting items in a maze) as the game to outdo that year.[38][39] However, industry reporting from that era indicates that it was Namco itself which was heavily promoting Rally-X at the 1980 Amusement & Music Operators Association, where Pac-Man was at least as well received and reviewed as Rally-X.[40]
Pac-Man quickly became more popular than anything seen in the video game industry. The game was estimated to have had 30 million active players across the United States in 1982.[41] In a 1983 interview, Nakamura said that though he did expect Pac-Man to be successful, "I never thought it would be this big."[25] It overtook Asteroids as the best-selling arcade game in North America,[42][43] grossing over US$1 billion in quarters within a year,[44][45][46] surpassing the highest-grossing film of the time, Star Wars.[47][48] Arcade machines retailed at around $2400 each[49] and sales totaled around $1 billion (equivalent to $2.61 billion in 2018), within 18 months of release.[50][51] By 1982, 400,000 arcade machines had been sold worldwide, and an estimated 7 billion coins had been inserted into them.[52] The combined sales of counterfeit arcade machines was nearly as high as the original.[53] United States revenues from Pac-Man licensed games and products exceeded $1 billion.[52]
Toward the end of the 20th century, the arcade game's total gross consumer revenue had been estimated by Twin Galaxies at more than 10 billion quarters ($2.5 billion),[44][54] making it the highest-grossing video game of all time, beating out Space Invaders.[55] In 2016, USgamer calculated that the machines' inflation-adjusted takings were equivalent to $7.68 billion.[56]
Pac-Man was awarded "Best Commercial Arcade Game" at the 1981 Arcade Awards.[57] II Computing listed the Atarisoft port tenth on the magazine's list of top Apple II games as of late 1985, based on sales and market-share data.[58] In 2001, Pac-Man was voted the greatest video game of all time by a Dixons poll in the UK.[59]

Impact


Intermission cutscene exaggerating the effect of the Power Pellet by showing a comically large Pac-Man next to a regular-size blue ghost[60]
The game of Pac-Man is regarded as one of the most influential video games of all time;[61][62][63] its title character was the first original gaming mascot, the game established the maze chase game genre, it demonstrated the potential of characters in video games, it increased the appeal of video games with female audiences, and it was gaming's first broad licensing success.[61] It was the first video game with power-ups,[64] and the individual ghosts have deterministic artificial intelligence (AI) that reacts to player actions.[65] It is often cited as the first game with cutscenes (in the form of brief comical interludes about Pac-Man and Blinky chasing each other),[66]:2though actually Space Invaders Part II employed a similar style of between-level intermissions in 1979.[67]
"Maze chase" games exploded on home computers after the release of Pac-Man. Some of them appeared before official ports, and garnered more attention from consumers, and sometimes lawyers, as a result. These include Taxman (1981) and Snack Attack (1982) for the Apple II, Jawbreaker (1981) for the Atari 8-bit family, Scarfman (1981) for the TRS-80, and K.C. Munchkin! (1981) for the Odyssey².
Pac-Man also inspired 3D variants of the concept, such as Monster Maze (1982),[68] Spectre (1982), and early first-person shooters such as MIDI Maze (1987; which also had similar character designs).[66]:5[69] John Romero credited Pac-Man as the game that had the biggest influence on his career;[70] Wolfenstein 3D includes a Pac-Man level from a first-person perspective.[71][72] Many post-Pac-Man titles include power-ups that briefly turn the tables on the enemy. The game's artificial intelligence inspired programmers who later worked for companies like Bethesda.[65]

Ports

File:Pac-Man Atari 2600 footage.ogv
1982 Atari 2600 version
Atari, Inc. licensed the home rights and developed versions of Pac-Man for their Atari 2600Atari 8-bit family, and Atari 5200 systems. Ports to other systems were published under the Atarisoft label: Apple IICommodore 64VIC-20IntellivisionIBM PCTexas Instruments TI-99/4A, and ZX Spectrum.
One of the first ports was the March 1982 release of the much-maligned port for the Atari 2600, which only somewhat resembles the original and was widely criticized for its flickering ghosts,[73][74][75] and several design and implementation choices. Despite the criticism, this version of Pac-Man sold seven million units[76] at $37.95 per copy,[77][78] becoming the best-selling game of all time on the console. While enjoying initial sales success, Atari overestimated demand by producing 12 million cartridges, of which 5 million went unsold.[76][79][80] Richard A. Edwards reviewed the Atari 2600 version in The Space Gamer No. 53.[81] Edwards commented that "If you must have Pac-Man for your home, then this is it, but if you're hesitant, there are enough differences in this version to suggest passing it by."[81] The port's poor quality damaged the company's reputation among consumers and retailers, becoming a contributing factor, alongside Atari's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, to Atari, Inc.'s decline and the North American video game crash of 1983.[76]
Namco later produced versions for the Nintendo Entertainment SystemGame BoyGame Boy ColorGame Gear, and Neo Geo Pocket Color. Namco ported the game to the Famicom in 1985, but, as they had no North American operations at this time, they had to license Atari—under the Tengen name—to release certain Namco Famicom titles for US audiences. The Atari release of Pac-Man was initially a licensed Nintendo cartridge in a standard gray shell, but soon afterwards Atari began manufacturing unauthorized clones of the NES lockout chip and produced unlicensed NES cartridges in black shells, including Pac-Man. Nintendo eventually discovered this ruse and filed a lawsuit against Atari.[82] In 1993, Namco released Pac-Man for the NES themselves, thus there are three different North American releases of the NES Pac-Man—the Atari gray cartridge, the Atari black cartridge, and the Namco version—differing only in the copyright notices on the title screen.

Legacy


Namco's Pac-Man booth at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2006

Pac-Man interactive exposition at The Art of Video Games
Guinness World Records has awarded the Pac-Man series eight records in Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008, including First Perfect Pac-Man Game for Billy Mitchell's July 3, 1999 score and "Most Successful Coin-Operated Game". On June 3, 2010, at the NLGD Festival of Games, the game's creator Toru Iwatani officially received the certificate from Guinness World Records for Pac-Man having had the most "coin-operated arcade machines" installed worldwide: 293,822. The record was set and recognized in 2005 and mentioned in the Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008, but finally actually awarded in 2010.[11]
The Pac-Man character and game series became an icon of video game culture during the 1980s, and a wide variety of Pac-Man merchandise has been marketed with the character's image, from t-shirts and toys to hand-held video game imitations and even specially shaped pasta. General Mills manufactured a cereal by the Pac-Man name in 1983.
The game has inspired various real-life recreations, involving either real people or robots. One event called Pac-Manhattan set a Guinness World Record for "Largest Pac-Man Game" in 2004.[83][84][85] The business term "Pac-Man defense" in mergers and acquisitions refers to a hostile takeover target that attempts to reverse the situation and take over its would-be acquirer instead, a reference to Pac-Man's power pellets.[86] The game's popularity has led to "Pac-Man" being adopted as a nickname, most notably by boxer Manny Pacquiao,[87] as well as the American football player Adam Jones.
On August 21, 2016, in the 2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony, during a video which showcased Tokyo as the host of the 2020 Summer Olympics, a small segment shows Pac-Man and the ghosts racing against each other eating dots on a running track.[88]

Television

The Pac-Man animated TV series produced by Hanna–Barbera aired on ABC from 1982 to 1983.[89] A computer-generated animated series titled Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures aired on Disney XD in June 2013.[90][91] As of February 2019, the series was also planned to air on Universal Kids, but it was ultimately cancelled due to low coverage of NBCUniversal.

Music

In music, the Buckner & Garcia song "Pac-Man Fever" (1981) went to No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts,[77] and received a Gold certification for over a million records sold by 1982,[92] and a total of 2.5 million copies sold as of 2008.[93] Their Pac-Man Fever album (1982) also sold over a million copies.[94]
In 1982 "Weird Al" Yankovic recorded a parody of "Taxman" by the Beatles as "Pac-Man." It was eventually released in 2017 as part of Squeeze Box: The Complete Works of "Weird Al" Yankovic.[95][96] In 1992, Aphex Twin (under the name Power-Pill) released Pac-Man, a techno album which consists mostly of samples from the game.

Film

In 2008, a feature film based on the game was in development.[97][98]
The Pac-Man character appears in the film Pixels (2015), with Denis Akiyama playing series creator Toru Iwatani.[99][100] Pac-Man is referenced and makes an appearance in the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy 2.[101]
In Sword Art Online The Movie: Ordinal Scale where Kirito and his friends beat a VR Pac-Man game called PAC-Man 2024.[102] Iwatani makes a cameo at the beginning of the film as an arcade technician. In the Japanese tokusatsu film Kamen Rider Heisei Generations: Dr. Pac-Man vs. Ex-Aid & Ghost with Legend Riders, a Pac-Man-like character was introduced as the main villain.[103]
The 2019 film Relaxer, written and directed by Joel Potrykus, uses Pac-Man as a strong plot element in the form of a 1999 couch-bound man who attempts to beat the game (and encounters the famous Level 256 glitch) before Y2K occurs.